| Luzon's area is 104,688 square kilometers, making it the | | | | Southeast Asia, the Laguna de Bay (Old Spanish, Lake |
| world's 17th largest island. It is the fourth most | | | | of Bay town). This 949 km² lake is drained by the |
| populated island in the world. Located on Luzon are the | | | | Pasig River into Manila Bay. Pasig River is one of the |
| country's capital, Manila, and its most populated city, | | | | most important rivers in the country due to its historical |
| Quezon City. The island is very mountainous and is | | | | significance and because it runs through the center of |
| home to Mount Pulag, the third highest mountain in the | | | | Metro Manila. |
| country and Mount Pinatubo, Mayon, and Taal Volcano, | | | | Located just 20 km southwest of Laguna de Bay is |
| Luzon's most famous volcanoes. To the west of | | | | Taal Lake, within the southwestern portion of the |
| Luzon island is the South China Sea (Luzon Sea in | | | | island. This caldera of a lake contains the smallest |
| Philippine territorial waters), to the east is the Philippine | | | | volcano of the country, Taal Volcano, which rises on |
| Sea, and to the north is Luzon Strait containing | | | | the island in the center of the lake. The volcano in turn |
| Babuyan Channel and Balintang Channel. | | | | has a lake in its crater. All the surrounding areas of |
| The main part of the island is roughly rectangular in | | | | Taal Lake were once part of a massive prehistoric |
| shape and has the long Bicol Peninsula protruding to | | | | volcano that covered the southern portion of the |
| the southeast. The northern part of the island contains | | | | province of Cavite, Tagaytay City, and the whole of |
| the large mountain range, the Cordillera Central which is | | | | Batangas province. |
| covered in a mixture of Luzon tropical pine forests and | | | | Off the southwestern portion of Luzon is the island of |
| Luzon montane rain forests. Mount Pulag, the highest | | | | Mindoro, separated by the Verde Island Passages. The |
| mountain in Luzon is located here, rising 2,922 meters. | | | | passages connect the South China Sea to the east |
| To the east of the Cordillera Central is the large | | | | with the Tayabas Bay. To the south of the bay is the |
| Cagayan Valley, which serves as the basin for the | | | | island of Marinduque. |
| Cagayan River, the longest river in the Philippines. To | | | | The southeastern portion of Luzon is dominated by the |
| the east of the valley rises the Sierra Madre mountain | | | | Bicol Peninsula. This is a mountainous and narrow |
| range, easily the longest range in the country. | | | | region that extends approximately 150 km southeast. |
| The Sierra Madre snakes southwards into the central | | | | Along it are numerous gulfs and bays. In the north is |
| and southern part of the island. Between it and the | | | | Lamon Bay, which contains Alabat Island and is south |
| Zambales Mountains to the west is the largest plain, | | | | of the Polillo Islands of Quezon province. Other bays |
| the Central Luzon plain. This plain, approximately | | | | and gulfs include San Miguel Bay, Lagonoy Gulf, Ragay |
| 11,000 km² in size, is the country's largest producer | | | | Gulf, and Sorsogon Bay. |
| of rice. Among the rivers irrigating this plain, the longest | | | | To the east of the peninsula lies the island of |
| are Cagayan to the north, and Pampanga to the south. | | | | Catanduanes. Leading to it is the Caramoan Peninsula. |
| In the middle of the plain rises the solitary Mount | | | | Off the southeast tip of Bicol is Samar island, |
| Arayat. To the west, in the Zambales Mountains, rises | | | | separated by San Bernardino Strait. Bicol Peninsula is |
| Mount Pinatubo, made famous because of its | | | | connected to the main part of Luzon through the |
| enormous 1991 eruption. | | | | Tayabas Isthmus. Extending south from the isthmus is |
| The Zambales mountains extends to the sea in the | | | | the Bondoc Peninsula. |
| north, forming Lingayen Gulf, home to the Hundred | | | | The Bicol Peninsula is also home to numerous |
| Islands National Park. To the south, the mountains also | | | | volcanoes. The most famous is Mayon Volcano in |
| extend into the sea, forming the Bataan Peninsula, | | | | Albay. This 2,460 m high volcano is symmetrically |
| which encloses the Manila Bay. This natural harbor is | | | | shaped, rivaling that of Mount Fuji in Japan, and is a |
| considered to be one of the best natural ports in East | | | | symbol of the Bicol Region. Other notable mountains |
| Asia, due to its size and strategic geographical location. | | | | are Mount Isarog and Mount Iriga in Camarines Sur, |
| To the southeast of Manila Bay is the largest lake in | | | | and Mount Bulusan in Sorsogon. |
| the country, and also the largest inland lake in | | | | |